[Moyamoya in Aragon: epidemiology and self-perception of quality of life]. / Moyamoya en Aragón. Epidemiología y calidad de vida autopercibida.

INTRODUCTION: Moyamoya angiopathy is a vasculopathy caused by stenosis/occlusion of one or both intracranial internal carotid arteries. Although more common in Eastern countries, its prevalence is increasing in the West. An angioresonance or angiography is essential for its diagnosis. There are two options for treatment: conservative (medical) treatment or surgical bypass techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients were selected using International Classification of Diseases codes, and their demographic characteristics and health outcomes were studied. They were administered a scale for the screening of anxious-depressive syndrome (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS) and another scale for self-perceived quality of life (SF-36). After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight of these patients were studied. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were studied (52.63% male, 57.89% European) and the Aragonese prevalence was estimated at 1.37/100,000 inhabitants. The most frequent clinical presentation was ischaemic stroke (73.68%). The HADS detected two positive cases of anxiety and one case of depression. According to the SF-36, the worst self-rated aspects were vitality (median: 35/100) and general health (median: 42.5/100), while the best rated was physical function (mean: 93.57/100). CONCLUSIONS: This is the Spanish series with the highest prevalence and the only one that addresses self-perceived health and screening of the anxious-depressive syndrome. Further research is needed to address this entity and determine its true prevalence in the West.

TITLE: Moyamoya en Aragón. Epidemiología y calidad de vida autopercibida.Introducción. La angiopatía de moyamoya es una vasculopatía originada por la estenosis/oclusión de una o ambas carótidas internas intracraneales. Aunque es más frecuente en países orientales, está aumentando su prevalencia en Occidente. Para su diagnóstico es imprescindible una angiorresonancia o una angiografía. En su tratamiento hay dos opciones: el tratamiento conservador (médico) o las técnicas quirúrgicas de bypass. Pacientes y métodos. Se seleccionó a 19 pacientes mediante códigos de la Clasificación internacional de enfermedades, y se estudiaron sus características demográficas y resultados en salud. Se les administró una escala para el cribado de síndrome ansiosodepresivo ­escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS)­ y otra de autopercepción de calidad de vida (SF-36). De estos pacientes, se estudió a ocho al aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Resultados. Se estudió a 19 pacientes (52,63%, hombres; 57,89%, europeos) y se estimó la prevalencia aragonesa en 1,37/100.000 habitantes. La clínica más frecuente fue el ictus isquémico (73,68%). La HADS detectó dos casos positivos para ansiedad y un caso de depresión. Según el SF-36, los aspectos peor autopercibidos fueron la vitalidad (mediana: 35/100) y la salud general (mediana: 42,5/100); mientras que el mejor valorado fue la función física (media: 93,57/100). Conclusiones. Se trata de la serie española con mayor prevalencia y la única que aborda la salud autopercibida y el cribado del síndrome ansiosodepresivo. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan abordar esta entidad y cuál es la verdadera prevalencia en Occidente.

Moyamoya en Aragón. Epidemiología y calidad de vida autopercibida / Moyamoya in Aragon: epidemiology and self-perception of quality of life

Introducción La angiopatía de moyamoya es una vasculopatía originada por la estenosis/oclusión de una o ambas carótidas internas intracraneales. Aunque es más frecuente en países orientales, está aumentando su prevalencia en Occidente. Para su diagnóstico es imprescindible una angiorresonancia o una angiografía. En su tratamiento hay dos opciones: el tratamiento conservador (médico) o las técnicas quirúrgicas de bypass. Pacientes y métodos Se seleccionó a 19 pacientes mediante códigos de la Clasificación internacional de enfermedades, y se estudiaron sus características demográficas y resultados en salud. Se les administró una escala para el cribado de síndrome ansiosodepresivo –escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS)– y otra de autopercepción de calidad de vida (SF-36). De estos pacientes, se estudió a ocho al aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Resultados Se estudió a 19 pacientes (52,63%, hombres; 57,89%, europeos) y se estimó la prevalencia aragonesa en 1,37/100.000 habitantes. La clínica más frecuente fue el ictus isquémico (73,68%). La HADS detectó dos casos positivos para ansiedad y un caso de depresión. Según el SF-36, los aspectos peor autopercibidos fueron la vitalidad (mediana: 35/100) y la salud general (mediana: 42,5/100); mientras que el mejor valorado fue la función física (media: 93,57/100). Conclusiones Se trata de la serie española con mayor prevalencia y la única que aborda la salud autopercibida y el cribado del síndrome ansiosodepresivo. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan abordar esta entidad y cuál es la verdadera prevalencia en Occidente. (AU)

INTRODUCTION Moyamoya angiopathy is a vasculopathy caused by stenosis/occlusion of one or both intracranial internal carotid arteries. Although more common in Eastern countries, its prevalence is increasing in the West. An angioresonance or angiography is essential for its diagnosis. There are two options for treatment: conservative (medical) treatment or surgical bypass techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients were selected using International Classification of Diseases codes, and their demographic characteristics and health outcomes were studied. They were administered a scale for the screening of anxious-depressive syndrome (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – HADS) and another scale for self-perceived quality of life (SF-36). After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight of these patients were studied. RESULTS Nineteen patients were studied (52.63% male, 57.89% European) and the Aragonese prevalence was estimated at 1.37/100,000 inhabitants. The most frequent clinical presentation was ischaemic stroke (73.68%). The HADS detected two positive cases of anxiety and one case of depression. According to the SF-36, the worst self-rated aspects were vitality (median: 35/100) and general health (median: 42.5/100), while the best rated was physical function (mean: 93.57/100). CONCLUSIONS This is the Spanish series with the highest prevalence and the only one that addresses self-perceived health and screening of the anxious-depressive syndrome. Further research is needed to address this entity and determine its true prevalence in the West. (AU)

Epidemiología y características del ictus isquémico en el adulto joven en Aragón / Epidemiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in Aragon

Introducción: Alrededor de 15 millones de personas sufren un ictus cada año, de los que un 10-15% ocurre en menores de 50 años (ictus en el adulto joven). La prevalencia de los distintos factores de riesgo vascular y las estrategias sanitarias para el manejo del ictus varían a nivel mundial, siendo interesante conocer la epidemiología y las características específicas de cada región. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los diferentes factores de riesgo vascular, la etiología y las características de los ictus isquémicos en el adulto joven en la comunidad autónoma de Aragón. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, de corte transversal, realizado por los Servicios de Neurología de todos los hospitales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud (SALUD). Se identificó a todos los pacientes entre 18 y 50 años que ingresaron en cualquiera de estos hospitales con el diagnóstico de ictus isquémico o AIT entre enero del 2005 y diciembre del 2015. Se recogieron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo vascular y tipo de ictus isquémico entre otras. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio, 786 pacientes entre 18 y 50 años ingresaron con el diagnóstico de ictus isquémico o AIT en algún hospital del SALUD, con una tasa anual promedio de 12,3 por 100.000 habitantes. La mediana de su edad fue de 45 años (RIQ: 40-48 años). El factor de riesgo vascular más prevalente fue el tabaquismo, 404 (51,4%). La mayoría fue de causa indeterminada (36,2%), seguida por «otras causas» (26,5%). La mediana de puntuación en la escala NIHSS fue de 3,5 (RIQ: 2,07,0). En total, 211 (26,8%) de los ingresos fueron por AIT. De los pacientes que ingresaron con el diagnóstico de ictus isquémico, 59 (10,3%) se fibrinolizaron. Conclusiones: El ictus isquémico en el adulto joven no es infrecuente en Aragón y en un importante número de casos es de etiología indeterminada, por lo que es necesario implementar medidas que nos permitan mejorar su estudio, disminuir su incidencia y prevenir su recurrencia. (AU)

Introduction: Stroke affects around 15 million people per year, with 10%-15% occurring in individuals under 50 years old (stroke in young adults). The prevalence of different vascular risk factors and healthcare strategies for stroke management vary worldwide, making the epidemiology and specific characteristics of stroke in each region an important area of research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different vascular risk factors and the aetiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-centre study was conducted by the neurology departments of all hospitals in the Aragonese Health Service. We identified all patients aged between 18 and 50 years who were admitted to any of these hospitals with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA between January 2005 and December 2015. Data were collected on demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and type of stroke, among other variables. Results: During the study period, 786 patients between 18 and 50 years old were admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA to any hospital of Aragon, at a mean annual rate of 12.3 per 100 000 population. The median age was 45 years (IQR: 40-48 years). The most prevalent vascular risk factor was tobacco use, in 404 patients (51.4%). The majority of strokes were of undetermined cause (36.2%), followed by other causes (26.5%). The median NIHSS score was 3.5 (IQR: 2.0-7.0). In total, 211 patients (26.8%) presented TIA. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (10.3%) were treated with fibrinolysis. Conclusions: Ischaemic stroke in young adults is not uncommon in Aragon, and is of undetermined aetiology in a considerable number of cases; it is therefore necessary to implement measures to improve study of the condition, to reduce its incidence, and to prevent its recurrence. (AU)

[Prognosis of patients assisted in the emergency unit by the 'TIA protocol' in a third-level hospital at 90 days]. / Pronóstico de pacientes atendidos en urgencias mediante 'protocolo AIT' en un hospital de tercer nivel a los 90 días.

INTRODUCTION: Care models developed for the rapid management of patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are safe, effective and reduce recurrence rates. The aim is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular events at 90 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted. Adult male and female patients seen in the emergency department using the 'TIA protocol' between January 2016 and December 2019 were analysed. Data were collected on clinical variables, complementary tests, treatment and cardiovascular events (stroke/TIA, acute coronary syndrome or death due to cardiovascular causes) at 90 days. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Aragon. RESULTS: The TIA protocol was performed on 163 out of 591 patients diagnosed with TIA in the emergency department. Brain CT and neurosonology scans were performed in 100% and a 24-hour Holter-electrocardiogram was carried out in 52.1%; atrial fibrillation (AF) was detected in 3.6% of them. An MRI brain scan was performed in 78.4% and acute ischaemic injury was seen in diffusion sequences (DWI+) in 13.5%. The prevalence of cardiovascular events at 90 days was 4.9% (8): stroke, 3.1% (five TIAs); acute coronary syndrome, 0.6% (one); and death from cardiovascular causes, 1.2% (two). Major adverse cardiovascular events were significantly associated with a history of ischaemic heart disease (p = 0.014). Cardiovascular death was associated with a history of AF (p = 0.008), anticoagulants at discharge (p = 0.007) and no antiplatelet therapy at discharge (p = 0.012), and there was a tendency towards an association with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid TIA protocols allow early care and avoid hospital admissions, without increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events or recurrence of stroke or TIA at 90 days.

TITLE: Pronóstico de pacientes atendidos en urgencias mediante 'protocolo AIT' en un hospital de tercer nivel a los 90 días.Introducción. Los modelos asistenciales desarrollados para el manejo rápido de pacientes con accidente isquémico transitorio (AIT) son seguros, eficaces y disminuyen las tasas de recurrencia. El objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares a 90 días. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se analiza a pacientes adultos de ambos sexos atendidos en urgencias mediante el 'protocolo AIT' entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2019. Se recogen variables clínicas, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento y eventos cardiovasculares (ictus/AIT, síndrome coronario agudo o muerte por causa cardiovascular) a los 90 días. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Ético de Investigación de Aragón. Resultados. Se realizó el protocolo AIT a 163 de 591 pacientes diagnosticados de AIT en urgencias. Se realizó una tomografía computarizada cerebral y una neurosonología al 100%, y un Holter-electrocardiograma de 24 horas al 52,1%, y se detectó fibrilación auricular (FA) en el 3,6%. Se hizo una resonancia magnética cerebral al 78,4%, y se demostró lesión isquémica aguda en secuencias de difusión (DWI+) en un 13,5%. La prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares a los 90 días fue del 4,9% (8): ictus, el 3,1% (cinco AIT); síndrome coronario agudo, el 0,6% (uno), y muerte por causa cardiovascular, el 1,2% (dos). Los eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores se asociaron de forma significativa al antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica (p = 0,014). La muerte por causa cardiovascular se asoció al antecedente de FA (p = 0,008), anticoagulación al alta (p = 0,007) y no antiagregación al alta (p = 0,012), y hubo una tendencia a la asociación con antecedente de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (p = 0,05). Conclusiones. Los protocolos AIT de actuación rápida permiten una atención precoz y evitan ingresos hospitalarios, sin implicar un incremento en la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares o recurrencia de ictus o AIT a los 90 días.

Pronóstico de pacientes atendidos en urgencias mediante protocolo AIT en un hospital de tercer nivel a los 90 días / Prognosis of patients assisted in the emergency unit by the ‘TIA protocol’ in a third-level hospital at 90 days

Introducción: Los modelos asistenciales desarrollados para el manejo rápido de pacientes con accidente isquémico transitorio (AIT) son seguros, eficaces y disminuyen las tasas de recurrencia. El objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares a 90 días. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se analiza a pacientes adultos de ambos sexos atendidos en urgencias mediante el ‘protocolo AIT’ entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2019. Se recogen variables clínicas, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento y eventos cardiovasculares (ictus/AIT, síndrome coronario agudo o muerte por causa cardiovascular) a los 90 días. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Ético de Investigación de Aragón. Resultados: Se realizó el protocolo AIT a 163 de 591 pacientes diagnosticados de AIT en urgencias. Se realizó una tomografía computarizada cerebral y una neurosonología al 100%, y un Holter-electrocardiograma de 24 horas al 52,1%, y se detectó fibrilación auricular (FA) en el 3,6%. Se hizo una resonancia magnética cerebral al 78,4%, y se demostró lesión isquémica aguda en secuencias de difusión (DWI+) en un 13,5%. La prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares a los 90 días fue del 4,9% (8): ictus, el 3,1% (cinco AIT); síndrome coronario agudo, el 0,6% (uno), y muerte por causa cardiovascular, el 1,2% (dos). Los eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores se asociaron de forma significativa al antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica (p = 0,014). La muerte por causa cardiovascular se asoció al antecedente de FA (p = 0,008), anticoagulación al alta (p = 0,007) y no antiagregación al alta (p = 0,012), y hubo una tendencia a la asociación con antecedente de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (p = 0,05). Conclusiones: Los protocolos AIT de actuación rápida permiten una atención precoz y evitan ingresos hospitalarios, sin implicar un incremento en la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares o recurrencia de ictus o AIT a los 90 días.(AU)

Introduction: Care models developed for the rapid management of patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are safe, effective and reduce recurrence rates. The aim is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular events at 90 days. Patients and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted. Adult male and female patients seen in the emergency department using the ‘TIA protocol’ between January 2016 and December 2019 were analysed. Data were collected on clinical variables, complementary tests, treatment and cardiovascular events (stroke/TIA, acute coronary syndrome or death due to cardiovascular causes) at 90 days. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Aragón. Results: The TIA protocol was performed on 163 out of 591 patients diagnosed with TIA in the emergency department. Brain CT and neurosonology scans were performed in 100% and a 24-hour Holter-electrocardiogram was carried out in 52.1%; atrial fibrillation (AF) was detected in 3.6% of them. An MRI brain scan was performed in 78.4% and acute ischaemic injury was seen in diffusion sequences (DWI+) in 13.5%. The prevalence of cardiovascular events at 90 days was 4.9% (8): stroke, 3.1% (five TIAs); acute coronary syndrome, 0.6% (one); and death from cardiovascular causes, 1.2% (two). Major adverse cardiovascular events were significantly associated with a history of ischaemic heart disease (p = 0.014). Cardiovascular death was associated with a history of AF (p = 0.008), anticoagulants at discharge (p = 0.007) and no antiplatelet therapy at discharge (p = 0.012), and there was a tendency towards an association with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Rapid TIA protocols allow early care and avoid hospital admissions, without increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events or recurrence of stroke or TIA at 90 days.(AU)

Epidemiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in Aragon.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke affects around 15 million people per year, with 10%-15% occurring in individuals under 50 years old (stroke in young adults). The prevalence of different vascular risk factors and healthcare strategies for stroke management vary worldwide, making the epidemiology and specific characteristics of stroke in each region an important area of research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different vascular risk factors and the aetiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multi-centre study was conducted by the neurology departments of all hospitals in the Aragonese Health Service. We identified all patients aged between 18 and 50 years who were admitted to any of these hospitals with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA between January 2005 and December 2015. Data were collected on demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and type of stroke, among other variables. RESULTS: During the study period, 786 patients between 18 and 50 years old were admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA to any hospital of Aragon, at a mean annual rate of 12.3 per 100 000 population. The median age was 45 years (IQR: 40-48 years). The most prevalent vascular risk factor was tobacco use, in 404 patients (51.4%). The majority of strokes were of undetermined cause (36.2%), followed by other causes (26.5%). The median NIHSS score was 3.5 (IQR: 2.0-7.0). In total, 211 patients (26.8%) presented TIA. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (10.3%) were treated with fibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Ischaemic stroke in young adults is not uncommon in Aragon, and is of undetermined aetiology in a considerable number of cases; it is therefore necessary to implement measures to improve study of the condition, to reduce its incidence, and to prevent its recurrence.

Cefalea post-stent carotídeo / Headache after carotid artery stenting

Introducción y objetivos: La cefalea post-stent carotídeo es aquella cefalea de aparición durante el procedimiento o en las horas posteriores, sin que haya datos de la existencia de una complicación del mismo. El objetivo de este estudio es definir las características de esta cefalea a partir de nuestra experiencia clínica. Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal prospectivo observacional de una muestra de pacientes sometidos a stenting carotídeo en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, afectación carotídea y antecedentes de cefalea primaria. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada antes del procedimiento y en las siguientes 24h. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 56 pacientes con una media de edad de 67 ± 9,52 años; un 84% eran hombres. La cefalea apareció en 12 pacientes (21,4%), siendo el 83,3% hombres con una media de edad de 60,58 ± 9,31 años. En el 58,4% (n = 7) comenzó en las primeras 6h y en el 33,3% (n = 4) durante el procedimiento. En el 33,3% (n = 4) la duración fue menor de 10min, y en el 41,7% (n = 5) osciló entre 10-120 min. Localizaron el dolor en la región frontotemporal el 58,3% (n = 7); el 58,3% (n = 7) lo describe como unilateral. Es opresivo en un 66,7% (n = 8), de intensidad moderada en un 50% (n = 6) y el 75% de los pacientes no precisó analgesia. No se observó ninguna relación estadísticamente significativa con las variables estudiadas, excepto la edad (p = 0,007). Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, la cefalea post-stent carotídeo es de intensidad leve-moderada, unilateral, opresiva y de breve duración. Si bien son necesarios más estudios para poder definir mejor sus características y factores de riesgo

Introduction and objectives: Headache after carotid artery stenting is a headache with onset during the procedure or in the first few hours after it, and where there is no evidence to suggest a complication of that procedure. The purpose of this study is to describe the main features of these headaches based on our clinical experience. Patients and methods: Observational prospective study of a sample of patients undergoing carotid artery stenting at Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, in Zaragoza, Spain. We recorded sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, carotid artery disease, and history of primary headache; data were gathered using structured interviews completed before and 24 hours after the procedure. Results: We included 56 patients (mean age 67 ± 9.52 years); 84% were men. Twelve patients (21.4%) experienced headache, 83.3% of whom were men; mean age was 60.58 ± 9.31 years. Headache appeared within the first 6hours in 7 patients (58.4%) and during the procedure in 4 (33.3%). Pain lasted less than 10 minutes in 4 patients (33.3%) and between 10 and 120 minutes in 5 (41.7%). Headache affected the frontotemporal area in 7 patients (58.3%); 7 patients (58.3%) described pain as unilateral. It was oppressive in 8 patients (66.7%) and of moderate intensity in 6 (50%). Nine patients (75%) required no analgesics. We found no statistically significant associations with any of the variables except for age (p = .007; t test). Conclusions: In our sample, headache after carotid artery stenting was mild to moderate in intensity, unilateral, oppressive, and short-lasting. Further studies are necessary to gain a deeper knowledge of its characteristics and associated risk factors

Epidemiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in Aragon. / Epidemiología y características del ictus isquémico en el adulto joven en Aragón.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke affects around 15 million people per year, with 10%-15% occurring in individuals under 50 years old (stroke in young adults). The prevalence of different vascular risk factors and healthcare strategies for stroke management vary worldwide, making the epidemiology and specific characteristics of stroke in each region an important area of research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different vascular risk factors and the aetiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multi-centre study was conducted by the neurology departments of all hospitals in the Aragonese Health Service. We identified all patients aged between 18 and 50 years who were admitted to any of these hospitals with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA between January 2005 and December 2015. Data were collected on demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and type of stroke, among other variables. RESULTS: During the study period, 786 patients between 18 and 50 years old were admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or TIA to any hospital of Aragon, at a mean annual rate of 12.3 per 100 000 population. The median age was 45 years (IQR: 40-48 years). The most prevalent vascular risk factor was tobacco use, in 404 patients (51.4%). The majority of strokes were of undetermined cause (36.2%), followed by other causes (26.5%). The median NIHSS score was 3.5 (IQR: 2.0-7.0). In total, 211 patients (26.8%) presented TIA. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (10.3%) were treated with fibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Ischaemic stroke in young adults is not uncommon in Aragon, and is of undetermined aetiology in a considerable number of cases; it is therefore necessary to implement measures to improve study of the condition, to reduce its incidence, and to prevent its recurrence.

Tapia Plus: un nuevo síndrome o una variante / Tapia syndrome plus: A new entity or a variant of Tapia syndrome?

No disponible

Síndrome de la media luna secundario a ataque isquémico transitorio / Temporal crescent syndrome secondary to transient ischaemic attack

No disponible

[Isolated hand palsy due to an ischaemic stroke]. / Paralisis aislada de la mano debido a un infarto isquemico.

TITLE: Paralisis aislada de la mano debido a un infarto isquemico.

Parálisis aislada de la mano debido a un infarto isquémico / Isolated hand palsy due to an ischaemic stroke

No disponible

Headache after carotid artery stenting. / Cefalea post-stent carotídeo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Headache after carotid artery stenting is a headache with onset during the procedure or in the first few hours after it, and where there is no evidence to suggest a complication of that procedure. The purpose of this study is to describe the main features of these headaches based on our clinical experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational prospective study of a sample of patients undergoing carotid artery stenting at Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, in Zaragoza, Spain. We recorded sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, carotid artery disease, and history of primary headache; data were gathered using structured interviews completed before and 24hours after the procedure. RESULTS: We included 56 patients (mean age 67±9.52 years); 84% were men. Twelve patients (21.4%) experienced headache, 83.3% of whom were men; mean age was 60.58±9.31 years. Headache appeared within the first 6hours in 7 patients (58.4%) and during the procedure in 4 (33.3%). Pain lasted less than 10minutes in 4 patients (33.3%) and between 10 and 120minutes in 5 (41.7%). Headache affected the frontotemporal area in 7 patients (58.3%); 7 patients (58.3%) described pain as unilateral. It was oppressive in 8 patients (66.7%) and of moderate intensity in 6 (50%). Nine patients (75%) required no analgesics. We found no statistically significant associations with any of the variables except for age (P=.007; t test). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, headache after carotid artery stenting was mild to moderate in intensity, unilateral, oppressive, and short-lasting. Further studies are necessary to gain a deeper knowledge of its characteristics and associated risk factors.

El día de la semana en la exploración de la orientación en el tiempo / Day of the week for the assessment of orientation in time

No disponible

[Knowledge of cerebrovascular disease in the population of Zaragoza]. / Conocimiento de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en la poblacion de Zaragoza.

INTRODUCTION: Acute cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of disability and mortality, with important socio-economic and health impacts. Early stroke care can reduce mortality and improve prognosis. Right now, we can apply treatments in the acute phase, with capacity to reverse the symptoms, but few patients who benefit not reach the hospital soon. One reason for this delay is the lack of recognition of symptoms and poor perception of gravity. AIM: To find out the knowledge of the public about the stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample analyzed was the population of Sector III of Zaragoza, with random selection. The tool used was a telephone survey structured. We analyzed 583 surveys. RESULTS: 63.5% of respondents did not know any symptoms of stroke. 48% do not know any vascular risk factor. Only 9% recognized at least two symptoms and two risk factors. Regarding the attitude, 56% act properly against 44% who do not. Multivariate analysis showed that the factors more related to knowledge are the cultural level and young age. Living in town, and female, they are associated with the best attitude. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about stroke is poor, with a low sense of urgency. The factors most associated with the best knowledge are young age and cultural level.

TITLE: Conocimiento de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en la poblacion de Zaragoza.Introduccion. El ictus es una de las principales causas de invalidez y mortalidad en nuestra sociedad, con importantes repercusiones socioeconomicas y sanitarias. La asistencia precoz puede mejorar el pronostico de los pacientes. Actualmente, existen tratamientos en fase aguda, que consiguen reperfundir el tejido isquemico en riesgo y revertir la sintomatologia, pero son pocos los pacientes que se benefician, por el retraso en su atencion, debido a la falta de reconocimiento de los sintomas y la escasa percepcion de gravedad. Objetivo. Analizar el conocimiento de la poblacion de nuestra area de salud sobre el ictus. Sujetos y metodos. La muestra analizada ha sido la poblacion del sector III de la provincia de Zaragoza, con seleccion aleatoria. La herramienta utilizada ha sido una encuesta telefonica estructurada (total de 583). Resultados. Un 63,5% de los encuestados desconoce los sintomas del ictus, y un 48%, los factores de riesgo vascular. Solo un 9% reconoce al menos dos sintomas y dos factores de riesgo. En cuanto a la actitud, un 56% actuaria correctamente frente a un 44% que no. El analisis multivariante mostro que los factores mas relacionados con el conocimiento fueron el nivel cultural y la edad joven. Vivir en un pueblo y sexo femenino se relacionaron con la mejor actitud. Conclusiones. El conocimiento del ictus es escaso, con una baja percepcion de urgencia. Los factores que implican un mejor conocimiento son la edad joven y el nivel cultural alto.

Cambios en la neuroimagen en paciente con síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible por porfiria aguda intermitente / Neuroimaging abnormalities in a patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to acute intermittent porphyria

No disponible

Síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas en patología cerebrovascular / Alice in Wonderland syndrome in cerebrovascular disease

No disponible